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An 11 th century Qur'an in the British Museum

Qur'an- Muslims' Holy Book

Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the true word of Allah and that it was revealed directly from Him. The Qur'an is the final message and confirms all messages that came before it.

 

Muslims believe that Allah revealed several holy books to prophets before the Qur'an as instructions and guidance for the people of those times. These holy books consist of:

 

 

These books are mentioned several times in the Qur'an itself and share many of their stories, with some corrections, for example the stories of the prophets.

‘It is He Who sent down to thee (step by step), in truth, the Book, confirming what went before it; and He sent down the Law (of Moses) and the Gospel (of Jesus) before this, as a guide to mankind, and He sent down the criterion (of judgment between right and wrong).' (Surah 3, Verse 3)

 

Although Muslims hold these books in high regard and believe they were originally revealed by Allah, these book have been lost or changed over the years and thus their messages have become distorted. The Qur'an was sent to reaffirm the true messages of these previous books and shall not itself ever be changed. The Qur'an is thus a book or all mankind, rather than simply the people living at the time of the Prophet.

 

The Qur'an is the Holy Book of Islam that Muslims believe was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (saw) by Allah over a period of 23 years. Muslims regard this book as the final revelation from Allah, completing all revelations that came before it.

The Qur'an is believed to be a book for all mankind, providing guidance for humans on how to live according to Allah's will.

Unlike the Bible and the Torah, Muslims believe that the Qur'an remains unchanged since the time of its revelation. Copies of the Quran dating back to …. Have been found to contain the exact same words as modern copies.

 

 

The Qur'an was revealed in Arabic, however many translations exist in many languages to allow those who do not speak Arabic to gain some understanding of the sacred text.

The Qur'an is structured into 114 chapters, known as surahs. These vary considerably in length with some surah containing over 200 verses, known as ayahs, whilst other are made up of only three.

The Qur'an is also divided into thirty part known as juz. During the month of Ramadhan, many Muslims attempt to complete one juz a night in order to finish the whole Qur'an by the end of the month of Ramadhan.

The Qur'an, similar to the Bible, contains a mixture of rulings, descriptions, and stories, such as the stories of the Prophets. Scholars spend many years attempting to understand various sections of the Qur'an as it is such a rich and complex text.

The Prophet Muhammad himself could not read or write, which made it impossible for him to have written the words himself. Upon receiving revelation, he would relate it to his companions who would then write it down and recite it back to him to ensure it was recorded correctly.

‘And if ye are in doubt as to what We have revealed from time to time to Our servant, then produce a Surah like thereunto; and call your witnesses or helpers (If there are any) besides God, if your (doubts) are true. But if ye cannot — and of a surety ye cannot — then fear the Fire whose fuel is men and stones, which is prepared for those who reject Faith.' (2:23-24)

The Revelation of the Qur'an

As aforementioned, the Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by Allah through Angel Gabriel, known as Jibrail in Arabic.

At the age of forty, Muhammad was sitting in a cave on Mount Hira, away from the idol worshipping that took place in the city of Makkah below.

 

On one night, now known as the Night of Power, or Laylatul Qadr, the Angel Jibrail appeared to the Prophet and commanded him to read. The Prophet, being illiterate, replied that he could not read. At this point the Angel embraced him and squeezed him. Again he commanded Muhammad to read, to which Muhammad again replied that he could not. Again the angel squeezed him. This sequence was repeated a final time until Muhammad asked ‘what shall I read?' It was then that the Angel Jibrail revealed to the Prophet the first revelation of the Qur'an, the following five verses which are now part of Surah Al-Alaq, chapter 96:

Read! In the Name of your Lord, Who has created (all that exists),

Has created man from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood).

Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous,

Who has taught by the pen,